MySQL两种表存储结构MyISAM和InnoDB的性能比较测试

MySQL支持的两种主要表存储格式MyISAM，InnoDB，上个月做个项目时，先使用了InnoDB，结果速度特别慢，1秒钟只能插入10几条。后来换成MyISAM格式，一秒钟插入上万条。当时决定这两个表的性能也差别太大了吧。后来自己推测，不应该差别这么慢，估计是写的插入语句有问题，决定做个测试：
测试环境：Redhat Linux9，4CPU，内存2G，MySQL版本为4.1.6-gamma-standard
测试程序：Python＋Python-MySQL模块。
测试方案：
1、MyISAM格式分别测试，事务和不用事务两种情况：
2、InnoDB格式分别测试AutoCommit＝1（不用begin transaction和用begin transaction模式），
     AutoCommit=0 （不用begin transaction和用begin transaction模式）四种情况。

测试方法为插入10000条记录。为了测试不互相影响，单独建立了专用的测试表，建表语句如下：
1、MyISAM不用事务表：
CREATE TABLE `MyISAM_NT` (
  `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
  `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default ''
) ENGINE=MyISAM;

2、MyISAM用事务表:
CREATE TABLE `MyISAM_TS` (
  `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
  `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default ''
) ENGINE=MyISAM;

3、InnoDB关闭AutoCommit，不用事务:
CREATE TABLE `INNODB_NA_NB` (
  `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
  `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default ''
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

4、InnoDB关闭AutoCommit，用事务:
CREATE TABLE `INNODB_NA_BE` (
  `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
  `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default ''
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

5、InnoDB开启AutoCommit，不用事务:
CREATE TABLE `INNODB_AU_NB` (
  `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
  `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default ''
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

6、InnoDB开启AutoCommit，用事务:
CREATE TABLE `INNODB_AU_BE` (
  `TableId` int(11) NOT NULL default '0',
  `TableString` varchar(21) NOT NULL default ''
) ENGINE=InnoDB;

测试的Python脚本如下：

#!/usr/bin/env Python
'''
MyISAM,InnoDB性能比较
作者：空心菜（Invalid）
时间：2004-10-22
'''
import MySQLdb
import sys
import os
import string
import time

c = None

testtables = [("MyISAM_NT",None,0),
             ("MyISAM_TS",None,1),
             ("INNODB_NA_NB",0,0),
             ("INNODB_NA_BE",0,1),
             ("INNODB_AU_NB",1,0),
             ("INNODB_AU_BE",1,1)
             ]

def BeginTrans():

    print "ExecSQL:BEGIN;"
    c.execute("BEGIN;")

    return

def Commit():

    print "ExecSQL:COMMIT;"
    c.execute("COMMIT;")
    return

def AutoCommit(flag):

    print "ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = "+str(flag)
    c.execute("Set AUTOCOMMIT = "+str(flag))
    return

def getcount(table):
    #print  "ExecSQL:select count(*) from "+table
    c.execute("select count(*) from "+table)
    return c.fetchall()[0][0]

 
def AddTable (Table,TableId,TableString):

    sql = "INSERT INTO "+Table+"(TableId, TableString) VALUES( "+ TableId+ ",'" + TableString +"')"
    try:
        c.execute(sql)
    except MySQLdb.OperationalError,error:
        print "AddTable Error:",error
        return -1;
    return c.rowcount

def main():

    argv = sys.argv

    if len(argv) < 2:
        print 'Usage:',argv[0],' TableId TestCount \n'
        sys.exit(1)

    global c        #mysql访问cursor

   
    db_host = "localhost"
    db_name = "demo"
    db_user = "root"
    db_user_passwd = ""

    print "Config:[%s %s/%s %s] DB\n"%(db_host,db_user,db_user_passwd,db_name)

    if len(argv) > 2:
        tableid = argv[1]
        testcount = int(argv[2])   #

    for test in testtables:
        #每次操作前都重写建立数据库连接   
        try:
            mdb = MySQLdb.connect(db_host, db_user, db_user_passwd, db_name)
        except MySQLDb.OperationalError,error:
            print "Connect Mysql[%s %s/%s %s] DB Error:"%(db_host,db_user,db_user_passwd,db_name),error,"\n"
            sys.exit(1)
        else:
            c = mdb.cursor()
        table,autocommit,trans = test
        starttime = time.time()
        print table," ",time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())

        if autocommit != None:
            AutoCommit(autocommit)

        if trans == 1:
            BeginTrans()

        for i in xrange(testcount):
            tablestring = "%020d"%i
            if (AddTable(table,tableid,tablestring)<1):
                print "AddTable Error",tablestring

        if trans == 1:
            Commit()

        print time.strftime("%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime())
        endtime = time.time()
        usedtime = endtime-starttime

        print table,"count:",getcount(table)," used time:",usedtime
        c.close()
        mdb.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()
测试结果如下：

Config:[localhost root/ demo] DB

MyISAM_NT   04-10-22 16:33:24
04-10-22 16:33:26
MyISAM_NT count: 10000  used time: 2.1132440567
MyISAM_TS   04-10-22 16:33:26
ExecSQL:BEGIN;
ExecSQL:COMMIT;
04-10-22 16:33:29
MyISAM_TS count: 10000  used time: 2.65475201607
INNODB_NA_NB   04-10-22 16:33:29
ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 0
04-10-22 16:33:31
INNODB_NA_NB count: 10000  used time: 2.51947999001
INNODB_NA_BE   04-10-22 16:33:31
ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 0
ExecSQL:BEGIN;
ExecSQL:COMMIT;
04-10-22 16:33:35
INNODB_NA_BE count: 10000  used time: 3.85625100136
INNODB_AU_NB   04-10-22 16:33:35
ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 1
04-10-22 16:34:19
INNODB_AU_NB count: 10000  used time: 43.7153041363
INNODB_AU_BE   04-10-22 16:34:19
ExecSQL:Set AUTOCOMMIT = 1
ExecSQL:BEGIN;
ExecSQL:COMMIT;
04-10-22 16:34:22
INNODB_AU_BE count: 10000  used time: 3.14328193665
结论：
由此得知影响速度的主要原因是AUTOCOMMIT默认设置是打开的，
我当时的程序没有显式调用BEGIN;开始事务，导致每插入一条都自动Commit，严重影响了速度。
算来也是个低级错误！

相关参考：
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/COMMIT.html
http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/InnoDB_and_AUTOCOMMIT.html